Creation of Closed or Open Universe from Constrained Instanton
نویسنده
چکیده
In the no-boundary universe the universe is created from an instanton. However, there does not exist any instanton for the “realistic” FRW universe with a scalar field. The “instanton” leading to its quantum creation may be modified and reinterpreted as a constrained gravitational instanton. PACS number(s): 98.80.Hw, 98.80.Bp, 04.60.Kz, 04.70.Dy
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